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- этимология
Что (кто) такое IGNEOUS - определение
![country rock]], [[Baranof Island]], [[Alaska]], United States](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Geological Dike Cross-Island Trail Alaska.jpg?width=200 "country rock]], [[Baranof Island]], [[Alaska]], United States")
![Natural columns of igneous rock separated from each other by [[columnar joint]]s, in [[Madeira]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BasaltColumns PortoSanto.JPG?width=200 "Natural columns of igneous rock separated from each other by [[columnar joint]]s, in [[Madeira]]")
![Sample of basalt (an extrusive igneous rock), found in [[Massachusetts]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Basalt 36mw1041.jpg?width=200 "Sample of basalt (an extrusive igneous rock), found in [[Massachusetts]]")
![fractional crystallisation]] in a [[magma]]. While cooling, the magma evolves in composition because different minerals crystallize from the melt. '''1''': [[olivine]] crystallizes; '''2''': olivine and [[pyroxene]] crystallize; '''3''': pyroxene and [[plagioclase]] crystallize; '''4''': plagioclase crystallizes. At the bottom of the magma reservoir, a [[cumulate rock]] forms.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fractional crystallization.svg?width=200 "fractional crystallisation]] in a [[magma]]. While cooling, the magma evolves in composition because different minerals crystallize from the melt. '''1''': [[olivine]] crystallizes; '''2''': olivine and [[pyroxene]] crystallize; '''3''': pyroxene and [[plagioclase]] crystallize; '''4''': plagioclase crystallizes. At the bottom of the magma reservoir, a [[cumulate rock]] forms.")
![[[Gabbro]] specimen showing [[phaneritic]] texture, from Rock Creek Canyon, eastern [[Sierra Nevada]], California](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GabbroRockCreek1.jpg?width=200 "[[Gabbro]] specimen showing [[phaneritic]] texture, from Rock Creek Canyon, eastern [[Sierra Nevada]], California")
![Close-up of granite (an intrusive igneous rock) exposed in [[Chennai]], India](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IndianGranite.jpg?width=200 "Close-up of granite (an intrusive igneous rock) exposed in [[Chennai]], India")
![[[Lopolith]]
}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Intrusion types.svg?width=200 "[[Lopolith]]
}}")
![[[Volcanic eruptions]] of lava are major sources of igneous rocks. ([[Mayon]] volcano in the Philippines, erupting in 2009)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mayon 0021.jpg?width=200 "[[Volcanic eruptions]] of lava are major sources of igneous rocks. ([[Mayon]] volcano in the Philippines, erupting in 2009)")
![Kanaga]] volcano in the [[Aleutian Islands]] with a 1906 lava flow in the foreground](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kanaga Volcano (22432739869).jpg?width=200 "Kanaga]] volcano in the [[Aleutian Islands]] with a 1906 lava flow in the foreground")
![m}} across, in a solidified lava crust reveals molten lava below (flowing towards the top right) in an eruption of [[Kīlauea]] in Hawaii](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Molten Lava in Pahoehoe Skylight.jpg?width=200 "m}} across, in a solidified lava crust reveals molten lava below (flowing towards the top right) in an eruption of [[Kīlauea]] in Hawaii")
![[[Devils Tower]], an eroded laccolith in the Black Hills of Wyoming](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/"This means something. This is important" (19967592275).jpg?width=200 "[[Devils Tower]], an eroded laccolith in the Black Hills of Wyoming")
![A cascade of molten lava flowing into Aloi Crater during the 1969-1971 [[Mauna Ulu]] eruption of Kilauea volcano](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Happy Anniversary Hawaii (14802198589).jpg?width=200 "A cascade of molten lava flowing into Aloi Crater during the 1969-1971 [[Mauna Ulu]] eruption of Kilauea volcano")
![[[Columnar jointing]] in the Alcantara Gorge, [[Sicily]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Columnar jointing in the Alcantara Gorge, Sicily.jpg?width=200 "[[Columnar jointing]] in the Alcantara Gorge, [[Sicily]]")
![A laccolith of granite (light-coloured) that was intruded into older sedimentary rocks (dark-coloured) at Cuernos del Paine, [[Torres del Paine National Park]], Chile](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cretaceous sedimentary rocks intruded by a Miocene granite laccolith.jpg?width=200 "A laccolith of granite (light-coloured) that was intruded into older sedimentary rocks (dark-coloured) at Cuernos del Paine, [[Torres del Paine National Park]], Chile")
![An igneous intrusion cut by a [[pegmatite]] dike, which in turn is cut by a [[dolerite]] dike](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Multiple Igneous Intrusion Phases Kosterhavet Sweden.jpg?width=200 "An igneous intrusion cut by a [[pegmatite]] dike, which in turn is cut by a [[dolerite]] dike")
Википедия
Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.
Intrusion is one of the two ways igneous rock can form. The other is extrusion, such as a volcanic eruption or similar event. An intrusion is any body of intrusive igneous rock, formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet. In contrast, an extrusion consists of extrusive rock, formed above the surface of the crust.
Some geologists use the term plutonic rock synonymously with intrusive rock, but other geologists subdivide intrusive rock, by crystal size, into coarse-grained plutonic rock (typically formed deeper in the Earth's crust in batholiths or stocks) and medium-grained subvolcanic or hypabyssal rock (typically formed higher in the crust in dikes and sills).
